fs2 backend

The fs2 backend is asynchronous. It can be created for any type implementing the cats.effect.Async typeclass, such as cats.effect.IO. Sending a request is a non-blocking, lazily-evaluated operation and results in a wrapped response. There’s a transitive dependency on cats-effect.

Using async-http-client

To use, add the following dependency to your project:

"com.softwaremill.sttp.client" %% "async-http-client-backend-fs2" % "2.2.7"

And some imports:

import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.fs2.AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend
import cats.effect._
import sttp.client._

// an implicit `cats.effect.ContextShift` in required to create an instance of `cats.effect.Concurrent`
// for `cats.effect.IO`:
implicit val cs: ContextShift[IO] = IO.contextShift(scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.global)

This backend depends on async-http-client and uses Netty behind the scenes.

Next you’ll need to define a backend instance as an implicit value. This can be done in two basic ways:

  • by creating an effect, which describes how a backend is created, or instantiating the backend directly. In this case, you’ll need to close the backend manually
  • by creating a Resource, which will instantiate the backend and close it after it has been used

A non-comprehensive summary of how the backend can be created is as follows:

AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend[IO]().flatMap { implicit backend => ??? }

or, if you’d like to use a custom configuration:

import org.asynchttpclient.AsyncHttpClientConfig

val config: AsyncHttpClientConfig = ???
AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend.usingConfig[IO](config).flatMap { implicit backend => ??? }

or, if you’d like to use adjust the configuration sttp creates:

import org.asynchttpclient.DefaultAsyncHttpClientConfig

val sttpOptions: SttpBackendOptions = SttpBackendOptions.Default  
val adjustFunction: DefaultAsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder => DefaultAsyncHttpClientConfig.Builder = ???
AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend.usingConfigBuilder[IO](adjustFunction, sttpOptions).flatMap { implicit backend => ??? }

or, if you’d like the backend to be wrapped in cats-effect Resource:

AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend.resource[IO]().use { implicit backend => ??? }

or, if you’d like to instantiate the AsyncHttpClient yourself:

import org.asynchttpclient.AsyncHttpClient

val asyncHttpClient: AsyncHttpClient = ???  
implicit val sttpBackend = AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend.usingClient[IO](asyncHttpClient)

Using HttpClient (Java 11+)

To use, add the following dependency to your project:

"com.softwaremill.sttp.client" %% "httpclient-backend-fs2" % "2.2.7"

And some imports:

import sttp.client.httpclient.fs2.HttpClientFs2Backend
import cats.effect._
import sttp.client._

// an implicit `cats.effect.ContextShift` is required to create a concurrent instance for `cats.effect.IO`,
// as well as a `cats.effect.Blocker` instance. Note that you'll probably want to use a different thread
// pool for blocking.
implicit val cs: ContextShift[IO] = IO.contextShift(scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.global)
val blocker = Blocker.liftExecutionContext(scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.global)

Create the backend using:

import sttp.client.httpclient.fs2.HttpClientFs2Backend
HttpClientFs2Backend[IO](blocker).flatMap { implicit backend => ??? }

or, if you’d like the backend to be wrapped in cats-effect Resource:

HttpClientFs2Backend.resource[IO](blocker).use { implicit backend => ??? }

or, if you’d like to instantiate the HttpClient yourself:

import java.net.http.HttpClient
val httpClient: HttpClient = ???
implicit val sttpBackend = HttpClientFs2Backend.usingClient[IO](httpClient, blocker)

This backend is based on the built-in java.net.http.HttpClient available from Java 11 onwards.

Streaming

The fs2 backend supports streaming for any instance of the cats.effect.Effect typeclass, such as cats.effect.IO. If IO is used then the type of supported streams is fs2.Stream[IO, Byte].

Requests can be sent with a streaming body like this:

import sttp.client._
import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.fs2.AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend
import fs2.Stream

val effect = AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend[IO]().flatMap { implicit backend =>
  val stream: Stream[IO, Byte] = ???

  basicRequest
    .streamBody(stream)
    .post(uri"...")
    .send()
}

Responses can also be streamed:

import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.fs2.AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend
import fs2.Stream
import scala.concurrent.duration.Duration

val effect = AsyncHttpClientFs2Backend[IO]().flatMap { implicit backend =>
  val response: IO[Response[Either[String, Stream[IO, Byte]]]] =
    basicRequest
      .post(uri"...")
      .response(asStream[Stream[IO, Byte]])
      .readTimeout(Duration.Inf)
      .send()

  response
}

Websockets

The fs2 backend supports:

  • high-level, “functional” websocket interface, through the sttp.client.asynchttpclient.fs2.Fs2WebSocketHandler or sttp.client.httpclient.fs2.Fs2WebSocketHandler
  • low-level interface by wrapping a low-level Java interface, sttp.client.asynchttpclient.WebSocketHandler or sttp.client.httpclient.WebSocketHandler
  • streaming - see below

See websockets for details on how to use the high-level and low-level interfaces.

Streaming websockets

There are additionally high-level helpers collected in sttp.client.asynchttpclient.fs2.Fs2Websockets which provide means to run the whole websocket communication through an fs2.Pipe. Example for a simple echo client:

import sttp.client.ws._
import sttp.model.ws.WebSocketFrame
import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.fs2._
import sttp.client.impl.fs2._
import sttp.client.asynchttpclient.WebSocketHandler
import cats.implicits._

implicit val backend: SttpBackend[IO, fs2.Stream[IO, Byte], WebSocketHandler] = ???
basicRequest
  .get(uri"wss://echo.websocket.org")
  .openWebsocketF(Fs2WebSocketHandler[IO]())
  .flatMap { response =>
    Fs2WebSockets.handleSocketThroughTextPipe(response.result) { in =>
      val receive = in.evalMap(m => IO(println("Received")))
      val send = fs2.Stream("Message 1".asRight, "Message 2".asRight, WebSocketFrame.close.asLeft)
      send merge receive.drain
    }
  }